What are options?

Before trading options, please read Characteristics and Risks of Standardized Options. Supporting documentation for any claims, if applicable, will be furnished upon request. There are additional costs associated with option strategies that call for multiple purchases and sales of options, such as spreads, straddles, and collars, as compared with a single option trade. Skip to Main Content. Search fidelity.

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Compensation: Incentive Plans: Stock Options

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Compensation: Incentive Plans: Stock Options

Your e-mail has been sent. Charts, screenshots, company stock symbols and examples contained in this module are for illustrative purposes only. Please enter a valid ZIP code. All Rights Reserved. The security on which to buy call options. Suppose you think XYZ Company stock is going to rise over a specific period of time.

You might consider buying XYZ call options. The trade amount that can be supported. This is the maximum amount of money you would like to use to buy call options. The number of options contracts to buy. Each options contract controls shares of the underlying stock. The strike price.

Key takeaways

This is the price at which the owner of options can buy the underlying security when the option is exercised. The price to pay for the options. This is the price that it costs to buy options.

Bill Poulos Presents: Call Options \u0026 Put Options Explained In 8 Minutes (Options For Beginners)

The expiration month. Options do not last indefinitely; they have an expiration date. If the stock closes below the strike price and a call option has not been exercised by the expiration date, it expires worthless and the buyer no longer has the right to buy the underlying asset and the buyer loses the premium he or she paid for the option. Most stocks have options contracts that last up to nine months. Traditional options contracts typically expire on the third Friday of each month.

The type of order. Like stocks, options prices are constantly changing. Stock Options are not to be confused with an Employee Stock Ownership Plan, in which employees are typically given stock over time with no upfront costs. Once the employee leaves the company, the company will effectively purchase the shares from the employee at their market value at the time and assume control of the shares.

Similarly to a publicly traded company, if you work for a private company, there are 2 types of employee stock options that you can receive in a grant, ISOs or NSOs , and they differ mainly with regards to taxes. Neither are taxed until you decide to exercise your options and purchase the stock. The next important pieces of information to understand regarding your employee stock options are your vesting schedule and your expiration date.

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These define when you will be able to purchase your options and how long they will be available for you to purchase. Within your employee stock option grant you will receive an outline of your vesting schedule. The first important aspect of the vesting schedule is the vesting rate or the vesting term. The total number of options granted to you are divided and will vest over a certain time period. If your options vest bi-annually or over 5 years, simply adjust the formula to determine how many options vest per month.

The second important part of the vesting schedule is your vesting cliff date. This is the first date that any of your options become vested or the first point where you can exercise your options. Even though you technically vest options in your first year of employment, the Cliff serves as the point at which you are able to purchase your vested options. This Cliff Date is typically 1 year after the issue date of the grant or the Vesting Calculation Date and serves as an incentive for employees to stay at companies for longer periods of time.

For example, if you vest your potions The next important piece of information is the rate at which your shares vest following this Cliff Date. Outlined below is an example of a typically vesting Schedule for , options. This is simply the last date that you can exercise your options. After this date any unexercised options will be null. Typically, your options expire 10 years after your Vesting Calculation Date, but if you leave the company your expiration date will be sooner. The amount needed to exercise your stock options is equal to the number of options multiplied by the exercise price.

Nowadays most companies use online equity portals such as Carta for everything from housing documents to tracking value and exercising. If your company does not use an equity portal, you will likely need to contact the stock controller or HR for instructions on exercise, which typically includes filling out an option exercise form and submitting payment either via check or bank wire.


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  • Once exercised, options turn into shares and you become a partial owner of the company. Prior to exercising stock options, employees should gather pertinent documents and information in order to fully understand the implications of their exercise. The most important information when exercising is the number of vested options, exercise price, and current fair market value.

    US-based employees with NSOs will need to find out their exact NSO tax withholding, either via checking their equity portal or emailing the company. Prior to exercising, if your company is large enough, you should ask about Rule disclosures.


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    • Companies that issue a certain amount of stock in any calendar year are required to send documents containing financial information to option-holders so they can make a more educated decision about their exercise. ESO taxation begins when the options are exercised, and taxes are calculated based on the spread between the current Fair Market Value FMV and the exercise price. As mentioned earlier you are taxed differently depending on what type of options you own, however the way taxes are calculated, and the cost of exercising remains the same.